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Livestock-grazing programs in arid zones that are based on the equilibrium view of rangelands-that grazing-induced land degradation will occur if livestock numbers exceed the availability of food-have failed. Contrary to the equilibrium view, traditional pastoral systems of land use are more appropriate. Such systems involve a high degree of opportunism to cope with unpredictable rainfall and fluctuating food distribution. Livestock mobility relieves areas of concentration and allows herds to exploit unevenly distributed resources. A strategy of managing multiple livestock species allows optimal use of these variable grazing resources. These approaches to land use are similar to those recommended by nonequilibrium models, which assume that plant dynamics in arid zones are influenced more by rainfall than by grazing.

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
The passage suggests that proponents of "nonequilibrium models" would agree with which of the following statements about grazing-induced land degradation in arid zones?

A.Traditional pastoral systems of land use have caused land degradation.
B.Land degradation will occur if livestock numbers exceed the availability of food.
C.The employment of opportunistic methods of land use can help avoid land degradation.

C显示答案

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