|
It can be inferred from the passage that the findings from the "field experiments "shed new light on which of the following issues related to hermit crabs?
|
|
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about gastropod carrion?
|
|
Sensationalism--the purveyance of emotionally charged content focused mainly on violent crime, to a broad public--has often been decried, but the full history of the phenomenon has yet to be written. Scholars have tended to dismiss sensationalism as unworthy of serious study, based on two pervasive though somewhat incompatible assumptions: first, that sensationalism is essentially a commercial product, built on the exploitation of modern mass media, and second, that it appeals almost entirely to a simple, basic emotion and thus has little history apart from the changing technological means of spreading it. An exploration of sensationalism early history, however, challenges both assumptions and suggests that they have tended to obscure the complexity and historicity of the genre.
|
|
According to the passage, scholars have not given sensationalism serious consideration because they believe sensationalism
|
|
In the context in which it appears, "charged" most nearly means
|
|
Calculating hydroelectric plants' environmental impact is not simple. Dam building requires steel and cement, the manufacture of which entails greenhouse gas emissions. Estimates for these emissions are relatively straightforward to make and show that the consequences are small compared to the benefits of generating greenhouse gas-free hydroelectric power. But more difficult-to-estimate greenhouse gas contributions occur during the plants operation. The submerging of large areas behind dams results in the microbial decomposition of vegetation, which produces substantial quantities of methane-a potent greenhouse gas. Furthermore, eradicating vegetation eliminates the consumption of the greenhouse gas $$CO_2$$ by that vegetation. Estimating amounts of these gases is difficult, and amounts vary depending upon the specific location, terrain, and power intensity of the dam with its associated lake.
|
|
The author would most likely agree with which of the following assertions about the environmental impact of hydroelectric power plants?
|
|
The highlighted sentence serves primarily to
|
|
The author mentions "Anthia feeding her dogs" primarily in order to support
|
|
It can be inferred that the author of the passage disagrees with Burger about which of the following?
|
In his 2005 book, America's Constitution: A Biography, Akhil Reed Amar offers a radically democratic rationale for the legitimacy of the United States Constitution as the country's paramount legal authority. In Amar's eyes, the legitimacy of law is a function of its process of enactment: the more democratic the process, the more authoritative the law. Thus he contends that if a federal statute in the United States conflicts with the provisions of a treaty between the United States and a foreign country, the statute should prevail because, while treaties are made by the assent of the president and the United States Senate alone, statutes also require the concurrence of the House of Representatives, a larger legislative body closer to the people themselves. By the same logic, the greatest of all authorities in the United States is the Constitution which was enacted more democratically than any other law. Unlike laws, which are passed by the people's elected representatives, the Constitution-so the story goes-was adopted directly by the people themselves.
It would be naive, of course, to imagine that the process by which the United States Constitution was written and ratified in the 1780s was democratic as we understand democracy. The restriction of the vote almost exclusively to White men, to say nothing of the existence of slavery, would mock such a claim. Amar is keenly aware of these deficiencies. and he does not minimize them. In fact, throughout his discussion of the original Constitution, Amar exposes the corrosive influence of slavery at almost every turn. And unlike many writers before him, Amar does not protest that at least the Constitution laid the seeds of slavery's eventual destruction in the United States: it would be comforting, he says, to believe that it did, but it didn`t. Yet alongside his relentless exposition of slavery's role, he describes little-noticed ways in which the adoption of the Constitution was a remarkably democratic act. Amar notes that many states that ordinarily limited voting to propertied citizens relaxed their property qualifications when it came to constitutional ratification, thus allowing a broader-than-usual electorate to decide the country's most fundamental question. This piece of history is not part of the common knowledge of constitutional lawyers, and Amar deserves credit for bringing it to the foreground.
|
|
The author notes that "treaties are made by the assent of the president and the United States Senate alone" in order to help
|
|
The passage indicates which of the following about the "relaxation of property qualifications"?
|
|
According to the passage, the idea that the Constitution "laid the seeds of slavery's eventual destruction" represents
|
|
In Amar's argument, the fact that many states "relaxed their property qualifications" serves primarily as
|
|
Many criminologists argue that the chances that first-time offenders will be rehabilitated can be improved by giving them sentences that promote their reintegration into society rather than by sentencing them to jail. In support of this hypothesis, it is often pointed out that whereas 10 percent of first-time offenders sentenced to community service go on to commit further crimes fully 60 percent of first-time offenders who are imprisoned do so. The hypothesis thus seems strongly confirmed. In actual fact, however, the statistics cited do little to prove it, since judges tend to impose jail sentences on those first-time offenders they consider likely to commit further crimes.
|
|
In the argument given, the two highlighted portions play which of the following roles?
|
One characteristic of terrestrial cratering is the presence of doublet craters: 3 of the 28 large impact craters on Earth (greater than 20 kilometers diameter) have partner craters. For example, the Kamensk crater in Russia, 25 kilometers in diameter, is partnered by the Gusev crater, 3 kilometers wide and of identical age. Since such doublets form when two well-separated asteroids impact Earth nearly simultaneously, their relatively frequent occurrence serves as evidence for the existence of a substantial population of co-orbiting asteroids.
Are other rocky planets subject to impacts from co-orbiting asteroids? Venus is a promising planet to search for doublets because its surface is young, erosion is nearly nonexistent, and its rater population is significantly larger than Earth's, but not so large that there is a high probability of chance associations. Researchers found that the proportion of doublet craters on Venus is significantly smaller than on Earth. However, Venus` denser atmosphere may screen out the smaller member of some asteroid pairs. If Earth had a similar screening effect, only one of its three known doublets would have formed, making the proportion of doublet craters on Earth(3.6%) identical to Venus'(2.2%) within uncertainties. The researchers concluded that co-orbiting asteroids must be common among both the near-Earth and near-Venus asteroid populations.
|
|
The primary purpose of the passage is to
|
|
It can be inferred from the passage that one result of establishing the age of impact craters is that it enables researchers to
|
