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The author mentions "feminists" primarily in order to
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Recently researchers have questioned the portrayal of pearly mussels, which are freshwater bivalves, as feeding exclusively on particles suspended in water (suspension feeding). Many ocean-dwelling bivalves siphon food from the sediment surface (deposit feeding) or use their foot to sweep edible material from the sediment (pedal feeding). It is known that juvenile pearly mussels can pedal feed, although researchers still do not know how the ability to pedal feed varies across species, over the lifetime of a single mussel, or with the relative availability of food in the sediment.
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Which of the following statements about how pearly mussels feed can be inferred from the passage?
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According to the passage, which of the following is true of bivalve feeding behavior?
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In the 1890s and 1900s, many middle-class United States parents and educators decried the effects of the expanding consumer culture on children. Children were becoming increasingly exposed to consumer goods that inspired longing and envy. Turn-of-the-century child- rearing experts, raised prior to the dominance of the consumer culture, viewed consumerism as a corrupting influence and advised parents to counter it with moral lessons about the importance of restraining envy and acquisitiveness. By the 1920s, however, a new generation of child-rearing experts had emerged, counseling that children's envy should be restrained not by coaching children to accept deprivation but by satisfying their desires for toys and clothing. The rationale for restraining envy had also changed: experts were beginning to conceive of envy less as a moral flaw and more as an impediment to social adjustment.
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According to the passage, turn-of-the-century child- rearing experts advocated which of the following?
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The passage suggests that which of the following affected the advice of child-rearing experts between the 1890s and the 1920s?
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Lakeshore district is to be planted with orange trees. The fruit yield of the orange trees will probably be greater if they are planted in soil that is heaped into mounds substantially higher than the surrounding ground. The fruit yield of an orange tree generally increases with the height of the tree's branch structure and that height is directly proportional to the depth of the tree's root structure. The roots of orange trees, however, never grow any deeper than the underlying water table. Therefore, since the water table in Lakeshore district is close to the surface, orange trees planted there would be bound to develop relatively shallow roots unless they were planted in the manner described above.
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In the argument given, the two highlighted portions play which of the following roles?
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While Miles Davis has been celebrated as a bandleader and musical innovator, some music critics have lamented the many cracked and missed notes of Davis' own trumpet playing. Other critics, such as Giddins, contend that Davis had developed a thoroughly original style built on his technical limitations: "His every crackle and flutter was to be embraced as evidence of his spontaneous soul." Yet when choosing among various takes after a recording session, Davis invariably picked the one with the fewest mistakes. The truth is that though Davis disliked mistakes. The truth is that though Davis disliked mistakes, he consistently took risks in his playing by using a loose, flexible embouchure (mouth position) that allowed him to produce a great variety of tone colors. He accepted mistakes as the price of this approach.
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It can be inferred that the author would be likely to agree with which of the following statements about Davis?
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The author makes the point in the highlighted portion of the passage primarily in order to
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Although it is a well-established fact that people are often biased, the nature of this bias is unclear. The crucial issue boils down to whether or not people detect that they are biased. Sound reasoning requires that people monitor their intuitions [the basis for many biases] for conflict with more logical considerations. According to one view, people would be very bad at this monitoring. Because of lax monitoring, people would simply not detect that their intuitions are invalid. However, others have argued that there is nothing wrong with the detection process. They claim that people have little trouble detecting that their intuitions are not fully warranted; the problem, according to this view, is that these intuitions are so tempting that people fail to discard them.
Clarifying the efficiency of the conflict detection process and the resulting nature of the heuristic [intuitive] bias is crucial for the study of human thinking. Recently, De Neys, Vartanian, and Goel tried to decide between the alternative views by monitoring the activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a neural region associated with conflict detection, during reasoning.They observed that the neural conflict region was activated when people gave biased responses. This finding provided some preliminary support for the idea that people detect that they are biased. However, settling the debate requires further validation and characterization of the detection process.
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The primary purpose of the passage is to
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Which of the following hypothetical situations best illustrates the view held by the "others" mentioned in the highlighted portion of the passage?
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.It can be inferred that proponents of the view mentioned in the highlighted portion of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following assertions about bias?
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Only since the 1970s have American scholars regularly included mortuary remains in their research on Merovingian Gaul in the early medieval period. Prior to the 1970s, most American medievalists neglected archaeological evidence from burial sites, including skeletal fragments and artifacts, in favor of more familiar historical and documentary sources. This oversight was dismissed by many European scholars as popular distaste in the United States for studies linked to death. Of greater consequence,however, were the small number of American archaeologists occupied with the early medieval period and the inaccessibility to American scholars of locally published and unpublished excavation reports in Western Europe. Lack of attention to important studies of Merovingian mortuary rites was thus not altogether surprising.
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The author suggests that American scholars' lack of attention to Merovingian mortuary remains prior to the 1970s was due in part to the
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The passage suggests which of the following about pre-1970s research on Merovingian mortuary rites?
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