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Shapin's book demonstrates that contrary to a widely held belief, industrial research has not invariably been more regimented than academic science. He argues that the intellectual freedom historically available to industrial scientists during the twentieth century has been underestimated. Many companies, recognizing that the results of scientific investigation were necessarily uncertain and that profits, if any, might take years to materialize, granted scientists considerable latitude to develop their ideas and follow them in unexpected directions. Some companies even provided senior scientists with free time to pursue their own research interests, whatever they might be. Consequently, some scientists were drawn to industrial research not primarily because of the generally good financial compensation but because they saw industry as the best place to do cutting-edge research.

The passage's discussion of "free time" suggests that

A.senior scientists in industry have been less likely than junior scientists to remain in positions where opportunities to conduct their own research are restricted
B.scientists who work in industry can gain financially from their own independent research as well as from research they conduct for their companies
C. scientists who work in industry have tended to become frustrated by their employers' expectations that their research will be restricted to areas deemed to be in the employers' interests
D.industry has sometimes been willing to support scientific research that has no prospect of yielding a direct profit
E.industrial scientists have not differed from academic scientists in the amount of time they are able to dedicate to pure research

D显示答案

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