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Looking back on a project that they had approached with both great________ and considerable aspirations, they were amused to recognize that neither the fears nor the hopes had been at all realistic.
Recent discoveries suggest that mathematical techniques developed by ancient Babylonian astronomers________ those of medieval European scholars: Babylonian trapezoid procedures can be viewed as a concrete example of graphical methods devised by fourteenth-century philosopher Nicole Oresme.
Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the argument?
Few topics engender more controversy among musicologists than the "authentic" performance of music of earlier periods. At issue are claims made by partisans of the early music movement that their performances represent a re-creation of history and that the historical information on which such performances are based provide a sure foundation for performances that accurately reflect the composer's original intentions. Taruskin has been the most powerful critic of this view, arguing that so-called authentic performances do not reveal any concrete truth of how the music of earlier times "should" sound. Instead, these performances reflect our contemporary taste for this repertoire's sound and offer a twentieth-century interpretation that, while based on certain historical facts, is encumbered with the unconscious biases inherent in any interpretive endeavor.

Yet, despite their flaws, historical investigations and interpretations remain an indispensable part of music scholarship. Indeed, Taruskin is not engaged in a wholesale crusade against the early music movement or against performance-practice research; rather, he is calling for intellectual honesty. His arguments are important because they help clarify the thin line between historical facts, on the one hand, and, on the other, musical interpretations based not only on those facts but also on imaginative, well-founded speculation.
The passage suggests that Taruskin would probably agree with which of the following criticisms regarding the partisans of the early music movement?
The passage indicates that Taruskin and the partisans mentioned would both agree with which of the following statements regarding "authentic" performances of early music?
Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence?
Consider all the permutations of the letters in the word $$MISSISSIPPI$$, where $$I$$ is a vowel and the other letters are consonants.

Quantity A

The number of permutations in which all the vowels are next to each other

Quantity B

The number of permutations in which all the consonants are next to each other


Two balls are to be randomly selected from a bag, one at a time and without replacement. The probability that the first ball selected will be red is $$\frac{5}{8}$$. If the first ball selected is not red, the probability that the second ball selected will be red is $$\frac{2}{3}$$. What is the probability that the first or the second ball selected will be red (that is, one red ball either in the first attempt, or in the second attempt, but not both)?

Give your answer as a $$\underline{fraction}$$.


Each morning Betty walks from intersection P to intersection R, always walking along streets shown in the figure above and always going east or north. If she varies her walks as much as possible, taking every different path in turn before repeating the sequence of paths, on how many mornings in 48 consecutive mornings will Betty walk through intersection Q?

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